Real-World Determinants of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Reporting via 3D Echocardiography

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography has emerged as a superior modality for assessing left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), offering enhanced accuracy and reproducibility compared to traditional two-dimensional techniques. However, its adoption in routine clinical settings remains inconsistent. This study aims to identify and analyze the real-world determinants influencing the reporting of LVEF through 3D echocardiography. A cross-sectional observational analysis was conducted across multiple cardiology centers, involving echocardiographers, cardiologists, and institutional resources. Factors such as operator experience, patient body habitus, institutional guidelines, equipment availability, and perceived clinical utility were explored. Results demonstrated that while technical superiority exists, the actual reporting of LVEF via 3D imaging depends on an interplay of logistical, operational, and perceptual elements. This paper contributes to the growing body of evidence required to streamline the implementation of 3D echocardiography in standard clinical workflows and highlights areas of intervention for broader utilization.