Clinical Determinants of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Reporting via 3D Echocardiography in Routine Practice

Abstract

Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a key parameter in the assessment of cardiac function and is widely utilized in diagnosing and managing cardiovascular diseases. Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography has emerged as a powerful imaging modality that provides accurate and reproducible measurements of LVEF, surpassing traditional two-dimensional approaches. Despite its clinical advantages, the routine adoption and consistency in reporting LVEF via 3D echocardiography remain variable in practice. This study aims to explore the clinical determinants influencing the reporting of LVEF using 3D echocardiography in real-world settings. By analyzing patient, procedural, and institutional factors, this research identifies key barriers and enablers in LVEF documentation through 3D imaging. Our findings demonstrate that operator expertise, patient-specific variables such as body habitus and comorbidities, and institutional resources significantly impact the quality and frequency of LVEF reporting. The results suggest that standardization of protocols, training, and technology access are essential to optimize the clinical utility of 3D echocardiographic LVEF assessment.