Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogen Fuel Cell, Biodiesel, and Electric Ground Support Equipment at Airports

Abstract

The aviation industry is under increasing pressure to decarbonize its operations, with ground support equipment (GSE) being a significant contributor to emissions at airports. This study presents a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of three alternative fuel technologies—Hydrogen Fuel Cells (HFC), Biodiesel, and Electric GSE—focusing on their environmental impacts, energy efficiency, and feasibility in airport operations. Using cradle-to-grave analysis, we assess emissions, energy consumption, and ecological footprints associated with the entire lifecycle of each technology. The results indicate that while each alternative presents unique advantages and limitations, electric GSE outperforms others in emissions reduction, whereas hydrogen offers greater operational flexibility. Biodiesel, though a cleaner option than conventional fuels, faces sustainability and scalability concerns. This paper offers critical insights for stakeholders considering transitions to low-carbon airport operations.